5味中药醇提物对尼罗罗非鱼白细胞免疫活性的作用

将超微五倍子、白头翁、地榆、柯子、虎杖粉碎后过160目筛,按照料液比1∶10将药粉与60%的乙醇水溶液混合,再用超声波粉碎机超声1 h,用滤纸过滤收集滤液,置于多样品平行蒸发仪中浓缩后制得中药提取物。用吸取0.2 mL抗凝剂的无菌注射器自尼罗罗非鱼尾静脉采血0.5 mL,与L-15细胞培养基按体积比1∶9的比例混合成血浆,与中草药提取液单用、联用共孵育,利用氮蓝四唑还原法和流式细胞仪技术分别测定中草药提取液对尼罗罗非鱼外周血白细胞呼吸爆发活性和白细胞吞噬活性的影响。试验结果显示,五倍子、白头翁、地榆、柯子、虎杖单用均能显著提高白细胞氧呼吸爆发活性,呼吸爆发增加率分别为128.68%、123.96%、28.37%、44.44%和78.93%;试验组白细胞吞噬率分别较对照组增加44.04%、44.66%、95.00%、10.35%和64.93%。在两味中药双联用试验中,对白细胞氧呼吸爆发活性呈协同作用的组合为白头翁+地榆,呼吸爆发联用指数为1.28;对白细胞吞噬活性呈协同作用的组合为白头翁+虎杖、柯子+虎杖、五倍子+虎杖和白头翁+柯子,吞噬联用指数分别为11.45、6.20、3.03和1.06。     

中国饲料经济现状与营销模式转变之探

随着关键词结构性改革政策的不断推进，以及我国环保压力的不断增强，饲料行业面临着前所未有的挑战。本文以我国饲料行业为研究对象，进一步分析当前我国饲料行业的经济现状，深度挖掘目前行业的发展情况、市场宏观环境和政策背景等，并对比我国饲料行业与其他国家饲料行业的发展情况，得出目前我国饲料行业的发展困境。营销模式是企业经营发展的重点内容，高效、低成本的营销将为企业创造更大的收益，带来稳定的客源，可以说饲料企业的经济发展离不开良好的营销支持。但随着社会环境、技术发展的转变，饲料企业原有的营销模式已不能满足目前的市场环境，企业急需转变营销模式。因此，本文基于我国饲料行业的发展现状和营销模式的发展趋势提出饲料企业的营销模式转变路径，为我国饲料行业发展提供参考。 [关键词]中国饲料|经济现状|营销模式|转变     

中国茶向世界传播的途径与方式

中国是茶的原产地。现在茶树、茶客遍布世界,世界上有关茶的语音、种茶知识、制茶方法、品茶技艺、饮茶风俗及茶文化都与中国关系密切,茶树也直接或间接由中国引种。这一局面的产生是中国茶向世界传播的结果。千余年来,中国茶借助文化交流、经贸活动、人口迁徙等途径向世界传播,传播途径具有立体性、多样性、复杂性等特点,宗教人员、外交人员、经贸商人、移民侨民成为茶传播的主体。与此相适应,中国茶向世界传播的方式主要有知识方式、消费方式、产业方式,传播方式呈现直接传播、间接传播、综合传播相结合,反映了茶叶传播循序发展的递进过程。     

贵州魔芋软腐病菌多基因分子鉴定及其致病力分析

为明确贵州魔芋软腐病菌种类?致病力及分布特点, 采用组织分离法对贵州主要魔芋种植区软腐病样进行病原菌分离, 对icdA, mdh, mtlD, proA, rpoS 等5个管家基因进行了扩增?序列测定, 分别用单基因和多基因联合系统发育树对病菌进行鉴定, 同时采用组织块接种方法测定了不同菌株的致病力?通过组织分离法共分离魔芋软腐病菌株47株; 采用5个管家基因进行分子鉴定, 将病菌分别鉴定为海芋果胶杆菌Pectobacterium aroidearum?胡萝卜果胶杆菌Pectobacterium carotovorum和方中达迪基氏菌Dickeya fangzhongdai 3个种, 其中海芋果胶杆菌P.aroidearum为贵州魔芋软腐病主要致病菌, 占分离菌株的70%, 广泛分布在多个地区; 其次为方中达迪基氏菌D. fangzhongdai, 占分离菌株的28%, 也普遍存在于贵州各魔芋种植区; 胡萝卜果胶杆菌P. carotovorum最少, 占分离菌株的2%?致病力测定结果表明, 菌株间致病力存在一定的差异, 其中海芋果胶杆菌不同菌株之间致病力差异较大, 低?中?高致病力菌株都有, 方中达迪基氏菌差异较小, 仅有中?高致病力菌株?本研究确定了贵州魔芋软腐病菌种类?致病力及在贵州的分布特点, 首次报道了海芋果胶杆菌?方中达迪基氏菌是贵州魔芋软腐病的主要病原菌, 进一步加深了对魔芋软腐病及其发生流行的认识, 为软腐病的科学防控提供了科学依据?     

Quantitative morphology in canine cutaneous soft tissue sarcomas

Stained cytological specimens from 24 dogs with spontaneous soft tissue sarcomas [fibrosarcoma (n = 8), liposarcoma (n = 8) and haemangiopericytoma (n = 8)], and 24 dogs with reactive connective tissue lesions [granulation tissue (n = 12) and dermal fibrosis (n = 12)] were analysed by computer‐assisted nuclear morphometry. The studied morphometric parameters were: mean nuclear area (MNA; µm²), mean nuclear perimeter (MNP; µm), mean nuclear diameter (MND mean; µm), minimum nuclear diameter (D_min; µm) and maximum nuclear diameter (D_max; µm). The study aimed to evaluate (1) possibility for quantitative differentiation of soft tissue sarcomas from reactive connective tissue lesions and (2) by using cytomorphometry, to differentiate the various histopathological soft tissue sarcomas subtypes in dogs. The mean values of all nuclear cytomorphometric parameters (except for D_max) were statistically significantly higher in reactive connective tissue processes than in soft tissue sarcomas. At the same time, however, there were no considerable differences among the different sarcoma subtypes. The results demonstrated that the quantitative differentiation of reactive connective tissue processes from soft tissue sarcomas in dogs is possible, but the same was not true for the different canine soft tissue sarcoma subtypes. Further investigations on this topic are necessary for thorough explication of the role of quantitative morphology in the diagnostics of mesenchymal neoplasms and tumour‐like fibrous lesions in dogs     

广州近代城市公园的中西合璧特征探析

广州近代城市公园设计精巧,风格独特,在岭南造园史上具有重要地位。结合历史图文资料,运用风景园林史学和风景园林美学相结合的研究方法,归纳分析其造园特征。广州近代城市公园的中西合璧特征主要体现在3个方面:因地制宜的空间布局、中西融合的建筑小品、多姿多彩的植物景观。探析其中西合璧特征,有利于丰富岭南近代园林历史与理论研究,推进对广州近代城市公园的保护与造园智慧的传承。     

血清中不同甘露(聚)糖结合凝集素浓度的绵羊感染绵羊肺炎支原体后免疫因子表达的变化

为研究中国美利奴羊不同甘露(聚)糖结合凝集素(MBL)浓度感染绵羊肺炎支原体(MO)的免疫因子水平变化,本研究选择血清中MBL高、低浓度的绵羊各6只(感染组和对照组各3只),感染组人工感染MO,分别在人工感染前和感染后不同时间,采用荧光定量PCR法检测血液中血清因子及补体表达水平。结果显示,不同MBL浓度的绵羊人工感染后MBL m RNA水平呈下降趋势,MBL高浓度促炎因子IL-2和IFN-γ的m RNA表达水平较高,抗炎因子IL-4的m RNA表达水平在感染后1 d升高,此后开始下降,而IL-4的m RNA水平在14 d后有所升高;MBL低浓度羊感染后其TNF-α的m RNA水平显著升高,随炎症的缓解,逐渐降低;补体C1和C3的m RNA在感染后表现出不同的变化,MO感染可以激活补体途径。本研究结果表明,低血清MBL浓度与绵羊支原体肺炎具有一定的相关性,MBL不同浓度组之间其IL-2、IL-4、TNF-α、IFN-γ、补体C1、C3水平存在差异,低浓度MBL的绵羊更易发生比较严重的炎症反应。     

Effects of Compound Chinese Medicine on Growth Performance,Nutrients Apparent Digestibility,Immune Function and Slaughter Performance of Weaning Rex Rabbits

This experiment was conducted to study the effects of different levels of compound Chinese medicine on growth performance,nutrients apparent digestibility,immune function and slaughter performance of weaning Rex rabbits.70 healthy Rex rabbits at age of 60 days were divided into 7 groups with 5 replicates per group and 2 rabbits per replicate.Group Ⅰ was fed with basic diet as control group,group Ⅱ was fed the basal diet supplemented with antibiotic (contains 50 mg/kg milligrams bacitracin zinc,10 mg/kg colistin sulfate).The other five groups (Ⅲ,Ⅳ,Ⅴ,Ⅵ and Ⅶ) were fed the basal diet supplemented with 1%,2%,3%,4%,5% compound Chinese medicine,respectively.The pre-test period lasted for 7 days and the trial period lasted for 45 days.The results showed as follows:①The ADG in group Ⅳ was significantly higher than that in groups Ⅰ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ (P< 0.05),the F/G in group Ⅳ was significantly lower than that in other groups (P< 0.05).②The apparent digestibility of DM in group Ⅳ was significantly higher than that in groups Ⅰand Ⅱ (P< 0.05),the apparent digestibility of DM in group Ⅶ was significantly higher than that in group Ⅰ (P< 0.05).The apparent digestibility of CF in group Ⅳ was extremely significantly higher than that in group Ⅰ (P< 0.01),the apparent digestibility of CF in group Ⅶ was significantly higher than that in group Ⅰ (P< 0.05).The apparent digestibility of NDF in group Ⅳ was extremely significantly higher than that in group Ⅰ (P< 0.01),and significantly higher than that in groups Ⅱ,Ⅲ,Ⅴ and Ⅶ (P< 0.05).The apparent digestibility of ADF in group Ⅳ was significantly higher than that in groups Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅴ and Ⅶ (P< 0.05).The apparent digestibility of CP in group Ⅳ was significantly higher than that in groups Ⅰ and Ⅱ (P< 0.05).③ There were no significant differences in the contents of IgG,IgA and IgM of serum among all groups (P> 0.05),the spleen index in group Ⅳ was significantly higher than that in groups Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ and Ⅴ (P< 0.05).④There were no significant differences in the slaughter rate,half eviscerated slaughter rate and all eviscerated slaughter rate among all groups (P> 0.05).In summary,adding compound Chinese medicine and antibiotics in the feed both could improve the growth performance,nutrients apparent digestibility,immune function and slaughter performance of weaning Rex rabbits,and the appropriate compound Chinese medicine level in the diet of weaning Rex rabbits was 2%.     

9种中药成分对猪传染性胃肠炎病毒体外增殖的抑制作用

运用MTT法结合细胞病变方法测定黄芩苷、穿心莲内酯、大黄素、大黄酸、芦荟大黄素、大黄素甲醚、苦参碱、氧化苦参碱和苦马豆素9种中药成分对猪传染性胃肠炎病毒(TGEV)在ST细胞上增殖的抑制作用,实时荧光定量PCR(Real-time PCR)进一步检测黄芩苷对TGEV在ST细胞上增殖的抑制作用。结果显示,9种中药成分在体外对TGEV在ST细胞上的增殖均有一定的抑制作用,其中黄芩苷对TGEV的生物合成、吸附保护和直接灭活作用的抑制率分别为58.23%、88.12%和100.00%;Real-time PCR检测黄芩苷3种给药方式均能在转录水平显著降低TGEV mRNA的相对表达量,与病毒对照组相比差异极显著(P0.01)。结果表明,9种中药成分在体外对TGEV在ST细胞上的增殖均有一定的抑制作用,以黄芩苷作用最好。     

中药药渣利用方法研究现状及高值化利用思考

随着中医行业发展和中医药制取技术的进步,中药渣的产生也与日俱增,现年产量已超过3500万吨。利用好中药渣资源不仅能保护环境,降低企业支出,还能创造额外的巨大经济效益。本文总结了中药渣在活性成分再提取、环境治理、作为饲料或饲料添加剂、作为有机肥料与栽培基质、作为轻工业生产原料等传统生态经济化利用现状,以及开发能源物质、膳食纤维产品、纳米纤维素类产品及复合材料等高值化利用现状,以期为中医药产业实现高质量发展提供参考。